Recurrent Vulvovaginal Thrush

Encounters with healthcare professionals

To get help for recurrent thrush, people saw a range of healthcare professionals. The first points of contact were mainly general practitioners (GPs), sexual health doctors, and pharmacists. This section focuses on experiences in primary care, but people were sometimes then referred to specialist care (also called secondary care) to get more testing or advice. This section covers:

  • Choosing to visit and re-visit healthcare professionals
  • Navigating healthcare pathways
  • Talking to healthcare professional
  • Perceived attitudes of healthcare professionals towards recurrent thrush

Choosing to visit and re-visit healthcare professional

Some people made a healthcare appointment soon after developing thrush symptoms. Imani reached out for medical help the moment she felt discomfort and found it easy to book an appointment.

Going to the GP helped Imani identify thrush (read by an actor)

Going to the GP helped Imani identify thrush (read by an actor)

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I think for the first time I think I wasn’t aware what was that. So, went to see the GP it helped me because you see if you have something that you... you don’t understand and you have a discomfort, it... you know, it’s there... what can I say, down there it’s really sensitive, so the moment you feel that something is not right, you won’t be well and you feel very stressed, so going to see a GP, it helped me to identify that it was thrush.

For others, it took a while to ask for help. Georgia said it took her a while to realise that the frequency with which she was getting thrush was “unusual enough to justify going to see a doctor” and wishes she’d gone sooner.

Aditi described her experience first visiting the GP

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Aditi described her experience first visiting the GP

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So, after that I'd realised that this is not working out, because even when I was at home in the privacy of my room, I ­– it just felt very weird because I was continuously itching and just felt like very weird. It was painful after a point, so I just felt like, ‘OK, let me just take my GP’s appointment now.’ So I went to her and then I explained her what the situation was, and along with thrush I was also having a very curdy discharge so... but she explained to me that it was a fungal infection and this was something that was normal in females and something because of hormone imbalance again but there’s nothing that you can do to stop it, and then she told me that I shouldn't... so because... what I... what I used to do was that I would clean very thoroughly during those periods, so she told me not to clean it overly because you might be over drying your area or like using maybe soaps or something that will be irritating the skin further.

Past experiences with healthcare professionals could influence how, when, and if people sought care for recurrent thrush.

For those who saw healthcare professionals, a positive experience could encourage patients to return. Marie said her GP was “brilliant” and “supportive”. Imani felt their GP was on the “same page” and was helpful and understanding. Rowan said they have a “very good relationship” with their GP. Nysha found her advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) was “very empathetic and understanding”. Rowan felt lucky to have a good relationship with her GP and knew she would be listened to and not minimised when she returned. As a trans man, Elliott was glad to have an affirmative and trans-positive GP practice.

Ella emphasised the importance of receiving sympathy in healthcare appointments.

Ella emphasised the importance of receiving sympathy in healthcare appointments.

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Yeah, so I think generally I'd say... generally I would say that the local doctors were more sort of, ‘oh, it’s just thrush,’ you know, ‘here’s the medication, go away,’ kind of thing, where I would have said that the nurses that I saw, usually within the doctor’s practice, seem to have more of a sympathetic attitude, and actually I think I've now come to realise that sympathy with something like... like recurrent thrush is actually really important for me, because apart from anything else I needed that validation that, ‘yes, I am actually suffering enough for it to need treatment and help,’ because there’s so much of the... in my experience, there’s so much of the female experience that is just, ‘get on with it,’ you know, ‘take some medication and get on with it.

Negative experiences with healthcare professionals could make it difficult to seek care again. When first seeking help for recurrent thrush, Marie reported that a nurse practitioner “implied quite strongly that I was imagining this” which made it hard to continue accessing care. Beth had past experiences of feeling that her recurrent thrush was dismissed as not real and said that these “previous experiences are probably hindering me getting some more support now”. Joy had negative experiences during a smear test which made her hesitant to get help for recurrent thrush.

Choosing to go back to a healthcare professional for recurrent thrush could be a complex and personal decision. Elliott, Julia, and Marie planned to discuss recurrent thrush with a healthcare professional again in the future to get more help. Billie planned to re-engage with her GP and ask for longer-term treatment. Sai and KJ planned to see a healthcare professional only if recurrent thrush got worse. Nancy had no appointments planned for the future and chose to self-manage “because people don't take me seriously”.

Billie planned to re-engage with her GP about recurrent thrush

Billie planned to re-engage with her GP about recurrent thrush

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I am very much going to go in and say that this is the fifth time I've had it so what are you going to do, and I don't think that two weeks of treatment’s going to cut it, so I think I'm going to treat it more as a conversation rather than them telling me what I should have, which I think is quite a good... good way of going about it.  I've only ever... the current GP I'm going to go and see is relatively new, so I've only recently been a patient at this practice, and my experience with them so far’s been brilliant, so I have hope.

Joy planned to see a GP if she had a big flare-up (read by an actor)

Joy planned to see a GP if she had a big flare-up (read by an actor)

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I think if it was a really big flare-up then I would absolutely go. I think but... I think because I’m just... be able to contain it myself, then I think, ‘why would I go to the... the GP?’ But now I’m starting to think now, ‘well, this has been nine months now, maybe having that... that time under my belt, I can sort of say... I can turn round and say, ‘listen, it’s not just been a couple of months,’ you know, I’m... I’ve got that longevity under my belt now, so I can say, you know, ‘this has been this amount of time, it’s obviously not disappearing, you know, it’s obviously not... there’s... there’s something there that needs... I probably need some help with,’ maybe, I don't know.

Navigating healthcare pathways

Some people we spoke to found it difficult to know who could help with recurrent thrush. Many people saw their GPs first, but others visited pharmacists or sexual health practices.

Some people we spoke to told us how pharmacists were noticing recurrence and redirecting them to the GP. KJ, Marie, Leah, Nancy, and Emma were asked by pharmacists how many episodes they had experienced when buying thrush medication. When answering truthfully, they were told to visit their GPs. Sasha, Julia, Chloe, Joy, and Kayla were all told by a pharmacist to see a GP.

When people did make appointments, they were sometimes redirected to self-manage at the pharmacy which felt confusing. Zoya said booking an appointment with a GP was difficult as receptionist kept saying “go to the pharmacy”. Some people were untruthful in order to get medication quickly and avoid making an appointment. Julia said “I guess I would rather lie to pharmacists, and be a bit sneaky, than get thrush”. Beth, Harry, and Teddy visited different pharmacies to avoid being recognised.

Leah felt bounced between the chemist and GP and unsure where to go for help (read by an actor)

Leah felt bounced between the chemist and GP and unsure where to go for help (read by an actor)

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The thing is with the chemist, if you say to... if they say to you, “Oh, how many episodes of thrush have you had in past so many months?” and I’m honest – they won’t give it me, they’ll say, “Ouu no, you’ve got to go to your GP,” well then your GP will say to go to the pharmacy. And I understand where the GPs are coming from, because they’re very busy, and you should just be able to pick something up like that, do you know what I mean? But anyway, automatic... anyway I went to... so I went to... when... when I go to the pharmacy now to get the cream, I just lie, I just have to say... I lie... I just have to lie, and that’s how it’s got, because no one wants to help you.

Teddy explained the desperation of needing thrush medication.

Teddy explained the desperation of needing thrush medication.

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I have to get... so I've got them from over the counter at pharmacies. Sometimes they just are like, “Have you had this in the past...” sort of they’d just be like, “Oh, have you had this in the past year or six months?” Me: “No,” is lying, and then they just believe me and give me it, but sometimes they're like... I've occasionally had people say, “No, we can't give you this because you don't have a prescription,” then I would just like, “OK,” and then I'd be like, “OK, that’s fair enough,” and me goes next door.

To go to a different pharmacy down the road because it’s just... I think once I get into a pharmacy, if I get denied it, I'm like the desperation kind of gets to me and I'm like, ‘I am so uncomfortable, I need this right now or I will scream and things,’ so I just kind of get more desperate and more willing to lie to pharmacists which is not a good practice to get into if you have other chronic illnesses.

Anna felt she “slipped through the net” by buying over the counter medication (read by an actor)

Anna felt she “slipped through the net” by buying over the counter medication (read by an actor)

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I also think I slipped through the net because it’s so easy to buy over-the-counter treatment, and I wonder... I mean I’m... I’m pleased it’s easy to buy over-the-counter treatment but I am you know genuinely slightly horrified by the amount of over-the-counter treatment I’ve taken, because also the check is like... I lied constantly to people in Boots who were like, “Oh, have you taken this pill in the last six months?” “No.” I would have taken it like three weeks before, I just wanted to have it again, and I think I’ve probably [chuckles] taken that pill like way too many times, and that cream, and I’m not a doctor and I don’t understand what’s in those and I put those in my body probably upwards of thousands of times, so I wonder if there could be a way to catch... I mean I don’t know how you’d do this and you’d get into big brother territory, but like it would be great if somebody had noticed that a 23‑year‑old woman was going into Boots and spending all her money on... on thrush medication and like arguably taking way too [laughs] much of it. So yeah, I think there are definitely structures that could be built-in to help catch it sooner.

Sexual health clinics often offered same-day appointments and free medication, but many people we spoke to were unsure whether thrush could be treated in sexual health clinics. While recurrent thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection, sexual health practices often had specialists in vulva and vaginal health and could offer testing not available in some GP offices. Kayla, Emma, Marie, Imogen, Georgia, and Jody, and Teddy accessed sexual health services for recurrent thrush.

Jody explained that sexual health clinics could offer more thorough testing and examinations (read by an actor).

Jody explained that sexual health clinics could offer more thorough testing and examinations (read by an actor).

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Yeah, it’s quite hard to remember exact because I have seen so many different people. Like I have... I've been to like my GP before, and that was probably the first interactions that I had a GP, and at the sexual health clinic. And yeah, the... I think the sexual health clinic were a lot better because they were more kind of thorough with their investigations, like they would do like a physical examination, they would go and send off tests, they would in the end start looking at like you know samples like under a microscope.

Kayla found she could see a sexual health professional quicker than her GP or a specialist.

Kayla found she could see a sexual health professional quicker than her GP or a specialist.

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I went to... no, actually my consultant at the hospital does a... a joint clinic with the sexual health doctor and she happened to be in one of my appointments, and she said that you know if I ever wanted to go and get tested for thrush, or have a general check-up, I can contact the sexual health clinic at any time and pop down there, you know, they have appointments released daily, so if I was in a bad flare-up, I could just contact the sexual health clinic and pop down there and see one of the nurses and they would then do a swab and see how I was getting on and see if they could recommend anything more quickly than seeing my GP or waiting for the consultant.

Other people were referred to specialists or decided to explore private care which you can read about here (Referrals and onwards specialist care).

Talking to healthcare professionals

Many of the people we spoke to had good relationships with a healthcare professional and told us they found it helpful to develop trust and see the same person.

Emily said “I was very lucky that I’ve got a good GP who knows me” who she felt able to “discuss anything with”. Georgia appreciated seeing the same doctor who she felt “comfortable” with and “didn’t have to overcome the barrier of telling somebody new about my thrush problem again”.

A past positive experience with a healthcare professional encouraged Georgia to get help for recurrent thrush (read by an actor)

A past positive experience with a healthcare professional encouraged Georgia to get help for recurrent thrush (read by an actor)

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I think I just wanted to know whether there was anything else I could do to try and stop it coming back all the time, so I basically just went to the doctor and said, “I’ve had this many episodes of thrush and, you know, I think that this is... I’m having this... getting this more than normal, what can I do about it?” and was sort of why I went in the first place, and yeah, and then that was when I tried the sort of longer course of medication. Yeah, I think I was quite comfortable with doing that, like by that point I’d already been to see the same doctor about a UTI and got thrush as a result of that, and then I’d already been to see the same doctor about the discomfort I was experiencing having sex after having thrush, so I kind of was quite comfortable with then going and saying, “Actually I think I’ve got this thrush thing recurring like quite... you know, more than... more than most people... is there anything we can do about that?” I think I just wanted to try and sort it out, so... yeah.

I mean I think on the whole I’ve had quite a good experience. I would say that it was like really important to me that I didn’t feel like... like judged or ashamed, or like it was anything that I was doing that was making this happen, and that was quite a relief and quite important that I got that from the people that... like the doctors that I saw.

However, an ongoing relationship with a healthcare professional was not always possible when needing rapid access to care, or if patients or doctors moved away. Rowan tried to see the same GP multiple times but found that it was not always possible if they wanted an appointment “as soon as possible”. Marie had a similar experience of finding it difficult to schedule a visit with her regular GP. Beth Sarah had seen “seven or eight doctors” and found it hard to keep repeating herself.

Some participants told us how they found it difficult seeing different clinicians each time, whereas others did not mind. This could be made easier if there was a continuous record of recurrent thrush in notes, through a shared record system. However, even when there were notes, some people were not confident these were looked at for patterns of recurrence between acute episodes.

Billie found that healthcare professionals did not always look at her medical history to understand recurrent thrush.

Billie found that healthcare professionals did not always look at her medical history to understand recurrent thrush.

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And these are so routine things, like a doctor should be able to say like, oh OK, we're clearly looking at the amount of times that I've been given the medicine or prescribed or the... the appointment notes and things, but they just don't bother, and I think that’s really sad. Then also it’s not even like I've been to the same GP every single time, I've been to probably a collective of maybe 10 different doctors and none of them have ever considered to say, ‘well actually, maybe we need to do a bit more of a full sweep on you to see why you're still getting it and why it’s been so... so sort of like regular,’ I guess as well.

Imogen had a GP who she found “brilliant” but when she tried to see her again, she learnt that the doctor had moved practices. Zoya had a positive experience with a healthcare professional but could not see her again and instead had to repeat her “backstory” to multiple people. Other people did not mind seeing multiple GPs. Emma had moved house twice and changed GP practices but felt “confident” that her notes would provide the necessary information.  Leah would see “whoever’s available”.

Sometimes, appointments took place online or on the telephone. Sasha did not get to see a doctor but instead described her symptoms on the phone and was recommended a treatment. Ella said that e-Consult forms helped discuss recurrent thrush with her GP, but that remote consultations did not allow for physical examinations which she felt were important.

Beth Sarah used an online video consultation service offered by her GP practice (read by an actor)

Beth Sarah used an online video consultation service offered by her GP practice (read by an actor)

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I wasn’t able to get in with my GP because of the... the situation with, you know, staff shortages, Covid, and everything like that, so it was a massive challenge, so this time I was self-medicating and paying for it myself for probably three months before I actually managed to speak with the doctor properly, and even then I was having to use... it’s called ‘Push Doctor’, which is like an app, so there wasn’t enough GPs in my practice, so I was only doing it through like video calls, which was quite frustrating because no one could actually test me or do anything about it, and it was only when I’d seen by accident, say, a Push Doctor a couple of times and he was just like, “We can’t go on like this,” so he sent a special request to my GP, which kind of prompted them to see me, and he also put a referral into gynae, so he really got the ball rolling for me.

Ella found remote care was difficult for conditions that affect the genitals.

Ella found remote care was difficult for conditions that affect the genitals.

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And also you know they ask for photographs or imagery of the relevant area, and obviously when it’s genital stuff, you can't send that, and yet at the same time that’s pretty crucial for appropriate diagnosis, and I understand why we can't send it, and I don't particularly want to send it, but at the same time it’s a bit like, ‘OK, so you're giving me the stuff and you haven't got a clue what’s going on, you haven't actually seen what the state of my skin or whatever,’ so yeah, it’s a mixed bag I'd say, but I understand, and I've got lots of friends who are GPs here and I understand why they've gone down that route and you know it’s... it’s kind of OK.

As people returned to see healthcare professionals, some people felt they become more assertive and able to communicate their needs. Imogen and Billie felt they had become more confident speaking to medical professionals. Kayla discussed being more open to contacting healthcare professionals and pushing for additional appointments or advice. Nysha found that her tone had changed in medical appointments to be taken seriously. Emily felt she knew better “how doctors work” and how to ask questions. Imogen expressed personal growth and increased confidence, stating, "I’ve changed as a person as well, I just feel much more confident in being like, ‘this is what I need.’"

Anna says they have gained confidence and can be more “pushy” (read by an actor)

Anna says they have gained confidence and can be more “pushy” (read by an actor)

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I think I was probably... you know I was taught to respect authority and I was a very well-behaved sort of docile young woman, and I wasn't particularly pushy and so I think... I think there’s another factor which is that as I grew up, I became more like cognisant of... of systems of power but also of like... I think I gained confidence, and so I think there’s probably another reason that I got referred is that I went, ‘this is not OK, this has to stop;’ whereas I reckon when I was 22, I just went, ‘oh OK, well, the doctor said this, and this is what the doctor said.’

Nysha wanted more explanation from healthcare professionals.

Nysha wanted more explanation from healthcare professionals.

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Yeah, I’m at a different hospital, but I... I had to keep going back to my ANP because she was the only one that seemed to listen and understand. I think... [sighs] I don’t want to sound like I’m needy, it wasn’t that... it was just that you get to a point where you’re just so frustrated because you’re trying to do all the right things and no one is explaining anything to you, and it’s just... I’m just like, ‘can you just tell me what we can do,’ and I don’t mind taking ownership of my health, that’s not a problem, ‘but what I need you to do, as the professional, is explain and try and help me get to that point where I don’t have to keep coming back to you for the... for the same thing.’

Perceived attitudes of healthcare professionals towards recurrent thrush

Having healthcare professionals recognise the transition from episodic or “one-off” thrush to the ongoing problem of recurrent thrush was important for the people we spoke to. This recognition helped make longer-term treatment plans and reflect on ongoing impacts.

When Rowan noticed that thrush had changed from discreet episodes to an ongoing issue, she visited the GP and was given longer-term treatment.

When Rowan noticed that thrush had changed from discreet episodes to an ongoing issue, she visited the GP and was given longer-term treatment.

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I was only going to the pharmacy in that like initial time between first going to the GP, when I hadn’t quite figured out that it was like an ongoing thing and I thought I was just kind of having these discrete episodes, and so as soon as it became more recurrent then I kept... I went back to the GP, because when I went to the GP I wasn’t just getting like a one-off... like a single-dose treatment, I was getting like a... a slightly longer-term treatment that would then keep it like at bay for a little bit longer.

When people sought out healthcare, they said recurrent thrush was often treated as a “one-off” problem instead of a long-term issue. More information specifically about recurrence was a common request from the people we spoke to. Anna, Aditi, and Kayla said that GPs did not give much advice about managing recurrent thrush.

Some people we spoke to said they felt thrush was not taken seriously by healthcare professionals and thought that this might be because thrush was seen as a minor and trivial health condition. Julia said her experience with GP was “normally wonderful” but that she felt “dismissed” when she asked about recurrent thrush. Laura felt that healthcare professionals didn’t see thrush as important “in the grand scheme of things”. Marie and Nysha said that healthcare professionals didn’t take thrush seriously. Leah felt “fobbed off”. Ayesha said she was taken less seriously the more times she returned to see a healthcare professional. Anna explained that her GP was dismissive as thrush was not “life or death”. Kayla said “they just seem to look at it as quite a minor illness really, when it can have quite a big impact on your life”.

Nancy said that healthcare professionals did not always ask about how recurrent thrush impacts daily life (read by an actor)

Nancy said that healthcare professionals did not always ask about how recurrent thrush impacts daily life (read by an actor)

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They don’t ask you how it affects your life, or they don't really comment on it, like they don't even say like, ‘oh, that must be difficult,’ and just the fact that they weren't doing anything and weren't... there was no, like pro-activeness and there’s no, ‘I don't know I'll go and find out,’ or like, ‘this is what helps my other patients,’ because they're not asking their other patients what helps, things like that.

Beth Sarah said a nurse made her feel she was overreacting and that this led her to continue feeling “over the top” about recurrent thrush (read by an actor)

Beth Sarah said a nurse made her feel she was overreacting and that this led her to continue feeling “over the top” about recurrent thrush (read by an actor)

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Yeah, it was just a lot of feel... feeling like... I felt stupid a lot of the time, like I was being over the top about it, but you know, trying to do your job while you’ve got... you’re getting driven insane by the itching and you know it is something that’s not going away, it just kind of felt like the buck was getting each time, then: “Oh, well come back in a couple of weeks’ time.”

I really remember having one appointment with the nurse the first time I had it, and it was really like she was just kind of suggest... made me feel like I was overreacting, and then having the multiple appointments where I wasn’t getting anywhere, that’s... so it made me feel like I was overreacting.

This perception that thrush was not important made people hesitant to seek out care.

Sasha worried about “Wasting the doctor's time” about thrush.

Sasha worried about “Wasting the doctor's time” about thrush.

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I was saying that in terms of me going to the pharmacist instead of the doctor: the first issue is I we tend, or rather I tend to see that... I thought oh this illness is not really... so something I can call a doctor about, I seemed to downplay it, most women that I can’t really calling the doctor to say, ‘I’ve got a yeast infection,’ and when there are people, you know, serious condition that should be calling the doctor, I might be wasting the doctor’s time, so rather let me just go and get the medication for myself instead of wasting the doctor’s time. But obviously this is motivated by the fact that I’m really shy to be bringing this up, because the receptionist will be asking me at the beginning, “What is your problem?” and then I say, “Yeast infection,” so it’s something that I’m really, I’m shy about, so my motivation would be go to the pharmacy and avoid having to have the pertinent conversations with the doctor.

Billie hesitated to call her GP due to concerns that others had “worse” health conditions to book appointments for.

Billie hesitated to call her GP due to concerns that others had “worse” health conditions to book appointments for.

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It takes me like three days to ring them: one) because I know I'm going to be sat on hold for so long and partly because it’s like ‘uhh, again,’ like they're going to be like, ‘you keep coming back.’ [chuckles] I think that... I don't know what it is, I think because it’s difficult to get a doctor’s appointment at the moment, I think that Covid has really had a massive impact and I think that if you turn up to a doctor and be like, “Oh, I think I have thrush again,” again it comes back to the dismissive point of view where it’s like, ‘well, I've got so many other patients that have got worse things than you do,’ like, ‘why are you wasting my time?’ I never ever want to waste a doctor’s time, and I think that sometimes I talk myself out of saying I need to go to see the... see a doctor because I feel like I might be wasting their time, which I know is not true, but I think that that can sometimes be the reason why it takes me three days to call them.

Other people found healthcare professionals who took thrush seriously, encouraged them to come back, and tried to create management plans. After feeling dismissed by past doctors, Anna was grateful to have met a specialist who was “compassionate” and who said “this is very serious, and I’m so glad you’ve ended up here”. Georgia’s doctor worked with her to create a tailored longer-term treatment strategy to address recurrence that she found helpful.

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