Recurrent Vulvovaginal Thrush
Sex and relationships
For many of the people we talked to, thrush had a big impact on sex, dating, intimacy and relationships. As Beth said, “sex doesn’t have to just mean penetration” and oral sex, masturbation and sexuality were all important topics too. Some people we talked to identified as bisexual or fluid in their sexual orientations. There was a range of dating and relationship statuses, including those who were in long-term monogamous (one partner) relationships. This section covers:
- Discomfort around sex and physical intimacy
- Partners getting or passing on thrush
- Dating and relationships
Discomfort around sex and physical intimacy
Ella, Ayesha, Jody, Elliott, Joy and Emily found that sex could be a trigger for developing a new episode or a flare-up of thrush. Harry also found lube could “burn” and irritate the vulval-vaginal area.
As for Kayla, Harry, Anna, Chloe and Georgia, having sex when they had thrush was often very sore and painful.
Georgia describes experiencing a cycle of pain around sex and thrush (read by an actor)
Georgia describes experiencing a cycle of pain around sex and thrush (read by an actor)
It also... before I’d... I think like before I’d tried the sort of treatment, the longer courses of treatment, there was a period where I was getting thrush sort of every couple of months and then I was finding sex really painful, and then... I would like... I’d know that it was going to be painful, so I’d sort of try and avoid it, but then actually even like a week or so after the thrush flaring up, it’s still like... I would still find sex painful and it hadn’t fully gone, and then that caused me problems with then like... I think I then had a period of like a year or so where I just found sex really uncomfortable all the time, even when I didn’t have thrush, and I think that was probably in hindsight because I was like... because I’d had this experience of having sex whilst having thrush and it being really uncomfortable and then I sort of associated... like that sort of traumatised me a bit, and then I... it took me a while to like become relaxed again and... about like that being comfortable.
Anna had sometimes tried to put up with the discomfort. Beth felt that “expecting pain then like created more pain”, and she had previously tried dilators and lidocaine (a numbing medicine) to try to help.
Thrush could also make some people, including Emily, Elliott and Rowan, feel self-conscious, unattractive or embarrassed around sexual partners. Kayla sometimes felt “dirty because of the discharge”. Hannah said thrush meant “it’s off-putting to have sex” because she feels “gross” and “unclean”.
As a result of the physical and emotional discomfort, sex, intimacy and masturbation was something that many people we talked to avoided or enjoyed less because of thrush. KJ isn’t sure whether thrush has been “part and parcel” of her disinterest in penetrative sex. Imogen, who previously identified as being asexual, had also wondered about a link with thrush and her relationship with her body – though cautioned against viewing this as a simple or straightforward cause of her sexual orientation.
Ayesha has sometimes had to stop during physical intimacy with her partner because of discomfort, and worries about her symptoms getting worse afterwards.
Ayesha has sometimes had to stop during physical intimacy with her partner because of discomfort, and worries about her symptoms getting worse afterwards.
So, there’s anxiety lead... leading up to it, thankfully, and quite fortunately, I’m at a point where we’ve got a very kind of open communication channel where we just... we can stop at any time and it’s OK and if... if we didn’t have that... that type of intimacy for a quite a while, because of that reason, it would be fine, but I think I still carry that guilt around me that it’s because of me again that we can’t connect on that level.
But yeah... afterwards, my head is whirring, ‘do I feel any symptoms; is it getting worse; am I going to be OK; oh, I should have brought this with me so I could insert a suppository right now, just to kind of fight it.’ If I have sugar on the same day as intercourse, I’ll beat myself up over it because I’ll tell myself that I’m the reason that I’ve made it worse.
For Beth, Anna and others, recurrent thrush had become something that they structured and arranged their sex life around. However, it could be unpredictable. Teddy explained about “the uncertainty of not knowing when it’s going to come back”, which Chloe found made it difficult to be spontaneous about having sex. Harry said there is often a week or two every month where thrush means sex isn’t an option whilst she treats and recovers from thrush.
Georgia avoids sex when she has a thrush flare-up (read by an actor)
Georgia avoids sex when she has a thrush flare-up (read by an actor)
I don’t have any problems with that now, and also, I’m more like... I think I’m just more if I do have thrush, or think I might, I’m just like, ‘I’m not going to go... I’m not going to have sex,’ I’m not going to go there because I don’t want to cause any problems again, like I don’t want it to be painful and I don’t want it to be uncomfortable, whereas when I was a bit younger I was bit more like, ‘oh, it’ll be fine, like I don’t want to be the one that says no,’ you know, like... not that anyone was ever putting any pressure on me, but you just... now I’m just a bit more like, ‘oh, I’ll wait a few more days until I know the thrush has definitely gone’.
Thrush had a big impact on Laura and her partner’s sex lives, including around oral sex, which left her feeling “frustrated” (read by an actor)
Thrush had a big impact on Laura and her partner’s sex lives, including around oral sex, which left her feeling “frustrated” (read by an actor)
Sex life: massively, because when it’s active I won’t have sex at all, and... well, when I know it’s active, so when I’ve got the itching and the burning and the discharge, we won’t have sex because I don’t want to pass it onto him, and then it limits what you can do otherwise as well. You know if I’ve got it in my mouth, oral sex is obviously out. If I’ve got it vaginally, then oral sex for me is... is out because I wouldn’t want him to end... I know he shouldn’t end up with it in his mouth because that’s more of a supressed immune system thing, but he... he... in theory he could end up with it in his mouth, and that’s... I... I find the oral thrush harder to deal with than the vaginal thrush.
It makes me feel frustrated because I’d like to have sex and we can’t, so it makes me feel frustrated on his behalf that we’d like to have sex and we can’t.
Partners getting or passing on thrush
A concern for many people we talked to, including Marie and Teddy, was about their sexual partners themselves getting thrush. This could also mean partners passing it back on to the person, and this becoming a cycle. Passing on thrush was a concern not only around penetrative sex but, as raised by Anna, also oral sex and the possibility of oral thrush.
Laura, Emma, Beth, Leah, Lydia, Chloe and Julia all described times when they had passed on thrush to their partners. Many found this very embarrassing and, as for Lydia, it could also be a practical challenge to get their partners tested and treated. Marie and Leah used condoms whilst they or their partner was having thrush treatment to stop the cycle, but Leah and Lydia both found condoms further irritated their skin.
Anna talked about passing thrush on to male partners and them then using topical treatments (read by an actor)
Anna talked about passing thrush on to male partners and them then using topical treatments (read by an actor)
I was on the pill so we weren’t using condoms and I think what was probably happening is that he was passing it back to me all of the time, and I was normally... and then that sort of set it up and that was the feature of every relationship that I had until I was about 27, where I would have to explain to the men I was with quite early on, “Oh, actually it’s really painful and I have thrush,” and then I would just continually have thrush, and then occasionally they would have... visibly have thrush, so a lot of my boyfriends had moments where their penis was like sore or dry or a bit flaky, and I’ve taught a lot of men about Canesten.
Billie and Harry felt that there were sometimes assumptions that recurrent thrush could be caused by or related to having multiple sexual partners, which they found unhelpful and judgemental.
Dating and relationships
For some people we talked to, thrush meant that they had altogether stopped dating, being in relationships, having sex, or being intimate with anyone else or themselves. Kayla felt that she had no sex life because of thrush. Nysha stopped dating because thrush had become a barrier to sex and relationships, as something that “made me really insecure”. She fears this has now also had a wider impact on the likelihood of her having her own children in the future.
Deciding how and when to talk to partners or potential partners about thrush was difficult. For Harry, the impact of thrush on sex and intimacy was particularly difficult at the start of relationships. Ayesha and Joy agreed that thrush was not usually something they wanted to talk to partners, or potential partners, about in much detail. This could be a concern in established and long-term relationships too.
Jody said they sometimes downplay and hold back on saying to their partner how upset thrush makes them feel (read by an actor).
Jody said they sometimes downplay and hold back on saying to their partner how upset thrush makes them feel (read by an actor).
I did feel comfortable talking to my partner, although it’s kind... it’s kind of met with this kind of like... obviously I would have to kind of explain to him, you know, ‘oh, I’m having like another flare-up, so sorry I’m really not kind of down for like doing anything intimate with you today,’ but you’d kind of find ways to not laugh it off, but... I guess I probably didn’t portray as much like the depths of how bad it was actually affecting me and then the kind of the guilty... like the guilty feelings that I had then because I wasn’t able to be like sexually active and stuff and you just think, ‘oh, if only he kind of knew what is was... it’s not just me like being kind of difficult or making excuses,’ although I knew that he could he see like the stress that it was having on me, and I don’t think I probably... I’d let on as much as was... as what was going on in my head at the time with how bad things were and the effect that it was actually having on me mentally.
Sasha thinks talking about thrush in a new relationship is challenging, especially having to explain the impact on sex and that it is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Sasha thinks talking about thrush in a new relationship is challenging, especially having to explain the impact on sex and that it is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
So, it has affected... and dating, I don’t know how to explain to someone that this is... it’s not an STI. I mean you know the person can says, ‘oh my gosh, it’s an STI,’ and it’s not, but I find it so hard to get in a relationship and be able to be open and talk about, ‘OK, I’ve got this problem, it’s not an STI, it is something, but it’s normal, or it’s not really something whereby it may be sexually transmitted,’ but, you know, it’s so difficult to get into that conversation, so for now I’m just thinking I’ve got so many, like, pressures I don’t have time to... try to explain myself.
Lydia highlighted that thrush that kept coming back or wouldn’t clear could add another layer of difficulties and worries around sex and intimacy when dating or in a relationship.
The impact of thrush on sex life could also affect how people felt about themselves. Imogen had experienced this in relation to her confidence. A few people, like Laura, had felt insecure or worried at times that their partner could or might rather be with someone else who didn’t have the same problems with recurrent thrush.
Jody has thought at times about how her partner could be with someone without recurrent thrush and worried about the impact on their relationship (read by an actor).
Jody has thought at times about how her partner could be with someone without recurrent thrush and worried about the impact on their relationship (read by an actor).
I think it just comes down to like a bit of embarrassment and shame and just being like you know, ‘you could be other people who... who don’t have these issues and it would be all simple and straightforward, but instead you’re like you know with me and now you’ve got to deal with this,’ and how is this going to affect our relationship? You kind of hold on to a bit of that I guess because you don’t want to... I don’t know, make it seem more, don’t know, intense, and make... make more of a deal than it already is I... I guess.
Some people we talked to had found that past sexual partners had been unsupportive. Beth said her ex-partner had treated her as “gross and diseased”, and had not been very sympathetic about the pain she was in. Chloe described having previously felt pressure or guilted into have sex, even when it was uncomfortable and she didn’t really want to.
Beth’s first partner seemed to think “he was going to get diseased from me somehow”, which had a big impact on her self-esteem.
Beth’s first partner seemed to think “he was going to get diseased from me somehow”, which had a big impact on her self-esteem.
So, it massively impacted my first relationship that I was in. I think my partner firstly... because it was both... it was both of our first relationships, both in like a romantic sense and in a like sexual sense, so we were both new to everything, and when I started to get recurrent thrush, and he was incredibly worried that he was going to get diseased from me somehow and sort of treated me like I was like gross and diseased, and like he like refused to like go down on me and would like make sure to wear you know an extra thick condom and like would like be, all like... which he wasn’t before I got thrush, and then as soon as I got thrush it was all like, ‘er,’ and then because I kept getting it... and having someone that it’s like you’re like... I don’t know, having a sexual partner like acts like... act a bit disgusted and grossed out by you, and like you’re diseased for like... I think this went on for a good year, really took a hit to my self-esteem, so I... he was not a particularly nice person in the end, but yeah, that was like a massive hit to my self-esteem.
But then also like with like the pain aspect of things, he wasn’t particularly like supportive or understanding with that either, he made me feel really bad about it, like I was broken, or like that I was doing this to him somehow, and was very like not particularly nice at all, so yeah, that... that really like took a hit to my self-esteem to be honest. So, I think it is only in the last like couple of years that I’ve started to like... I’ve started to move past that, and there is still things now that I’m like I know I’m still trying to like move past that like response to things I guess.
The importance of having an understanding partner was raised by Ayesha, Jody, Harry, Laura, Zoya, Beth and Billie. Julia said that although she still felt “awful” when she has passed thrush onto her husband, he is “amazing” and “really supportive”.
Zoya felt “lucky” to have an understanding partner.
Zoya felt “lucky” to have an understanding partner.
Again, intimacy is... I am really open with my partner and we’re like, ‘oh, I’m getting onset,’ and he is so understanding, so I’m lucky in that sense as well, so it’s not... it does affect in the sense that I have to like, oh, this is... he... he knows what the situation... and I do describe to him, it’s quite... I feel sorry for him sometimes because it’s like this is what it feels like and you’re trying to describe it and he’s like, “Oh right, OK,” and he’s really understanding so I’m so lucky that he does understand what it is, and that I can... I just tell him, “Look, this is... this is the situation, it is unpleasant, but this is what it is”.
A doctor acknowledges that recurrent thrush can impact intimate relationships
A doctor acknowledges that recurrent thrush can impact intimate relationships
So having thrush or discomfort in the kind of genital area can have an impact across all aspects of your life and how you feel. But one important kind of aspect of life, where it can have an impact is in sex or sexual intimacy. That's something that it can be really important if you are having difficulties in that area, to get some kind of personalized assessment advice and guidance on, and maybe a chance to talk through all the bits of that, that might be relevant to you and how those can be supported.
And that will include thinking about thrush itself, but also about anything else that's affecting that kind of aspect of the experience and how that can be supported and helped.
Options for getting that kind of support could be through places like your GP or through a sexual health clinic. I think that depends on what your needs are, what your priorities are, what's easier for you and what feels right for you.
What is important is if it's something causing you difficulty to find a space in a place where you feel able to get that kind of holistic support across everything that's relevant to you and get some guidance with it.
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