Making decisions about knee replacement as an older person with multiple conditions

Finding out information and getting support for knee problems and knee surgery

When managing knee problems and thinking about knee replacement surgery, the people we talked to found information and support from a range of sources. This section covers people’s experiences of finding:

  • Information when deciding about surgery
  • Information about surgery and recovery

Information when deciding about surgery

  • Advice from health care professionals

Many people we spoke to thought their healthcare team were the best people to get information from when making decisions about knee replacement surgery. Although information from other sources could provide helpful additional information, it was hard to know whether it was relevant to each person’s individual situation.

Sue prefers to get information about knee replacement surgery “from the experts” than the internet.

Sue prefers to get information about knee replacement surgery “from the experts” than the internet.

Age at interview: 76
Sex: Female
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So, but afterwards, I mean, I should hopefully have some idea of the way forward, that’s what I’m hoping for is to get an idea, a plan of the way forward.

And then if they say well it’s likely that such and such will happen, or that we would look at doing so and so, then I, you know, they may say you can look online because there’s a good site for whatever.

But I do think you can overdo it. I find looking online can be very helpful. But I also find that unless you really know what you’re looking for, I think you can be putting perhaps too much emphasis on that, and you know, it’s my situation it’s my problem. Maybe not quite the same as everybody else.

It’s certainly- I find it quite useful to look online and, yeah, see other people’s maybe reactions to something can be very good, very helpful. You know, I have done that.

I think probably after that last one - the hip one - yeah, just yeah, probably to just say how long did it take to feel more comfortable or whatever. So, yeah, I suppose from that point of view, yes, I have looked. But when it comes to actually the op itself or what will happen in the op, when I don’t know until I discussed it and got advice from the experts.

Derek prefers to read information step by step when the consultant tells him what stage of the process he is at.

Derek prefers to read information step by step when the consultant tells him what stage of the process he is at.

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Have you had anything like leaflets sent to you or given to you at appointments?

Yes, I have. And there are, I haven’t read them all through because I don’t want to know if it’s really bad, you know, if it’s really bad news. I’d rather do it stage by stage, to see what the consultant has to say and then okay, if the consultants says, “Well this is what’s got to be done.” What’s the point about reading about anything else? I’ll then like to mug up about, you know, what is going to happen once I know what is going to happen.

All that does, it just sort of frightens you all the more doesn’t it. But, you know, if the consultant says, “Well this is the stage we’re at,” well then read, read, read about what stage you’re at. ‘Cos actually it, it seems to me pointless reading about something which please God might not happen. All it does is upset you.

Healthcare appointments were a good opportunity to get information.

Tina usually has written questions to ask at her consultant appointment and having her husband in the appointment helped to ask follow up questions.

Tina usually has written questions to ask at her consultant appointment and having her husband in the appointment helped to ask follow up questions.

Age at interview: 76
Sex: Female
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Well, what I usually do is I write things, I put them down on a computer sheet. So we had an A4 sheet of questions that we went with.

We made sure this time [husband] actually came in with me because we’d made a mistake at the six-week appointment, in that I thought I was just going into like, you see a nurse sometimes before you see the consultant.

So, I thought it was just for like blood pressure or you know all those things, height weight, blood pressure, blood test, all those things. Anyway it turned out I was actually in for the consultants’ appointment.

So yeah, [husband] came in this time and he’s very good at, like if there’s one question asked, he can see what might be a follow up, if there’s an answer, but it doesn’t give you the whole story, he can pick up on the follow up.

So that’s always reassuring having him in there as well as my prepared sheet of questions. And yes, quite a lot did get answered then. And that was where I finally got the answer to the complex total knee replacement. What that actually meant, the complex.

And some reassurance about the amount of bend and, you know, this thing about everybody is different, and it can be quite a long time before you know it’s where you want it to be, and all of that kind of thing.

Those who were making decisions about surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic faced long periods of waiting between appointments which made accessing information harder for some people. Petra felt very unsure when deciding about revision surgery, a decision which she had been weighing up for a long time and would like more guidance on: “it’s been left very much up to me … but it would be nice to just be able to talk it through with somebody who knew what they were talking about.”

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Maureen found harder to explain in telephone appointments how she felt and “to understand what might be going on.”

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Maureen found harder to explain in telephone appointments how she felt and “to understand what might be going on.”

Age at interview: 78
Sex: Female
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When I’ve had face-to-face appointments, they’ve been pretty good. Because it is explained and you are, you do have the opportunity to ask questions. Face-to-face.

Telephone calls aren’t that easy I don’t feel. It’s not easy to explain to a telephone call what’s going on. You can explain it, but it’s not easy to get over how you feel about it.

  • Online information

Some people found it useful to look for information online, either themselves or via family members. This included from charities and support groups (see also our 'Resources' section here).

John, Lesley and others felt looking online for information about knee problems could give them more information than they needed. Penny says it helps to have information from the internet filtered through her relatives so she doesn’t find out about the worst-case scenario or too much “additional information” to cope with “which is good because I don’t need to know a lot of things.” Karen looked online but found it “very clinical.”

Sue prefers to wait until she has information from a healthcare professional rather than looking online because information online might not be relevant to her situation.

Sue prefers to wait until she has information from a healthcare professional rather than looking online because information online might not be relevant to her situation.

Age at interview: 76
Sex: Female
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Haven't really looked online for that because, to be honest, you can work yourself up into thinking all sorts of things if you really start sort of looking.

I know that I’m waiting for the specialist to tell me what needs doing. I haven't seen the X-rays. I haven't talked through the X-rays you know, at all, so actually not seeing X-rays you’ve got no idea of quite how much deterioration there is within the knee.

And it seems daft to, to just to go online too much and [sighs] and to sort things out, whereas it might not be my situation at all.

No. I know it’s going to need doing and, you know. I know, I’m waiting for advice.

Maureen and Ged used the internet to better understand their situation after being given information from their orthopaedic surgeon. Michael X had looked online to find out what knee replacement surgery involved. Ann looked up new medication. Linda Y and Emily looked at hospital trust websites to find out information about the surgeons. Mahinder read about new technologies and developments in knee surgery online.

Mahinder watched a video of someone with experiences of knee surgery that was on a hospital website.

Mahinder watched a video of someone with experiences of knee surgery that was on a hospital website.

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The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital has got quite a big website with all sorts of information.

Yeah, I looked at that as well, I did look at that, and they’ve got some people who are describing their experiences.

That’s good, yeah.

Yeah, you see there’s one video, a man taking his dog for a walk and he’s limping,—he’s goes to the park and he’s limping quite-, [chuckles]  And then after the operation they showed him again going to the park with the dog and then he was walking, you know, very good, you know.

Yeah, yeah, I think it’s a Royal Orthopaedic video, that is-, their website, yeah, and it’s got all about exercise and things like that, yeah, so—

That’s really helpful, yeah.

Yeah, so if you title it in a certain way, you know, it might catch somebody’s attention, you know.

  • Advice from friends and family

It was common for people to know of, or have heard of, someone else who had knee replacement surgery. Information about other’s experiences could be very influential in how people felt about having surgery. Hearing about others positive experiences of knee surgery gave Penny and others “hope for a positive outcome.” Friend’s experiences helped John decide which hospital he wanted to be at.

Jacqueline has a friend who had knee surgery on both her knees and “she’s over the moon” because she’s pain free.

Jacqueline has a friend who had knee surgery on both her knees and “she’s over the moon” because she’s pain free.

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I have got a friend who's had both her knees done. And she’s absolutely over the moon, ‘cause she’s pain free [laughs].

You know, and she said it is painful after, I did see her afterwards and she said it’s painful, you know, immediately afterwards. But, you know, you expect that when you’ve had-. ‘Cause it’s quite a lengthy scar and, when I had my hip done, it’s quite a lengthy scar and it’s bound to be sore.

But the actual knee itself, the joint itself wasn’t sore, it was actually more the operation site itself rather than the knee.

She’s, she’s over the moon [laughs]. She’s pain free. So, she’s had both, she’s had both of hers done.

Often people had heard of both good and bad experiences. By talking to others, some people had found out that knee surgery may not always be straightforward or completely successful.

A friend’s experience of knee surgery helped Eleanor to be aware that there could be temporary complications afterwards.

A friend’s experience of knee surgery helped Eleanor to be aware that there could be temporary complications afterwards.

Age at interview: 72
Sex: Female
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Yes, I had one friend who’d had it done a couple of years ago, so I spoke to her about it as well, and she sort of reassured me, though she unfortunately was a bit worse than me because she had actually developed an infection in the knee.

So, she said, “I'm going to tell you that because I'm not going to keep anything back.”  She said, “that only happens, you know, one in-,” I don't know, “I was just very unfortunate,” she said, “that that happened to me.”

So, I was aware that things like this could happen, but it really didn't put me off because again she said once that was all over, she said she’s had a new lease of life as well. So that helped, yeah.

And I was glad that she hadn’t pulled any punches that she told me what could happen.

Dorothy and Jill felt it had helped to hear different opinions of knee surgery when making their decision. Maureen said “it didn’t put me off” when she heard negative experiences because “everybody has a different experience and I think you just have to be wary of people who tell you what their experience was, and not expect it to be the same for you.”  

Dave X knows people who have had positive experiences of knee surgery. He has heard “scare stories” but without the evidence he takes them with “a pinch of salt”.

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Dave X knows people who have had positive experiences of knee surgery. He has heard “scare stories” but without the evidence he takes them with “a pinch of salt”.

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The experience of people I’ve heard, well yeah one, I suppose the one I think is the very best, a chappie that I used to play football and a bit of table tennis with years ago and he was… And he played a lot of tennis and his knees got bad and he was only pretty young. He was fairly young, you know, and he was struggling to get, they didn’t wanna do an operation for him and he said, “Look I don’t wanna-,” he said, “I want it done now when I’m enjoying my life with a new knee, not when I’m about 70 and I can’t sort of do things like playing tennis.” So anyway, he managed to get them to do it and he, as far as I can remember he’s still playing tennis now.

Oh great, yeah.

And it’s been absolutely marvellous for him because I can’t think of a much more stressful thing for a knee than playing tennis to be honest.

So that was a brilliant advert for it. And I’ve seen chaps at work that had a new knee or hip replacement and they’d been off work for, you know, a month, six weeks, come back in and they’re sort of yeah, “Oh look at this now,” and, you know, marching on the spot, knees coming right up, all that, it was brilliant, you know.

[laughs] Arr.

So, like I say I have heard scare stories but from my own experience has been of people that have it’s done brilliant for.

And I’ve not come across too many people-, well I’ve not come across any that haven’t been pleased with it. But I have just heard some scare stories from one or two which I take with a pinch of salt in the absence of any evidence of that, you know.

Some people we talked to were retired healthcare professionals themselves and so had drawn on their own knowledge when making decisions about the risks and benefits of surgery. Ruth said “you are wary. You know the pitfalls, but you also see the benefit.” Others had friends and family who were healthcare professionals who they asked for advice and information about the surgery, managing pain or where to have their knee surgery.

Marjorie and others had previous knee surgery so they knew what to expect, although if it was several years ago, they had talked to others they knew to find out their more recent experiences. Sue had her first knee surgery in 2013 and, through talking to friends who have had knee surgery since then, noticed they were in and out of hospital quicker and were more mobile afterwards. 

Information about other’s experiences of knee replacement surgery was not always helpful, and could make some people feel more nervous. Linda’s husband had to lie flat when he had his two knee replacement operations. She worried about having to lie flat if she had the surgery, because of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Information about surgery and recovery

After being referred to the orthopaedic healthcare team for knee surgery, most people we talked to felt they had enough information about their knee surgery and recovery.

Dorothy had been given “a very comprehensive booklet” by the hospital before her knee operation.

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Dorothy had been given “a very comprehensive booklet” by the hospital before her knee operation.

Age at interview: 85
Sex: Female
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Well obviously, when you first go, there’s quite a big booklet that’s given to you explaining all aspects of the operation with diagrams, you know, and things that can go wrong, and a very comprehensive booklet, if you sit round and read the whole lot, and it’s like a small book rather than a booklet.

So, I think you're given plenty of information beforehand about what to expect when you actually go into hospital. Strangely enough, when I had my other knee done, eight years ago, before the operation, I did have to go to like a tutorial at the hospital, in which I suppose everybody who’s undertaking the operation was given a lecture on what to expect and what might go wrong, etc, but this time that didn't happen. I don't know whether that was because of Covid maybe, but, so it was just a booklet itself.

Accessing information from healthcare professionals in different and multiple ways was helpful in preparing for surgery. Jacqueline was given a booklet about how the operation was done so she “did know what to expect.” Mahinder had been given many information leaflets about preparing for the operation, physiotherapy, and preventing pressure sores. Tina had been shown examples of the prosthetic parts that would be put in her knee during surgery. Lesley saw in the hospital display cabinets what a partial knee replacement would look like which helped her to decide to have the operation.

Eleanor’s surgeon gave her a video to watch before her operation which helped her to decide to have knee replacement surgery.

Eleanor’s surgeon gave her a video to watch before her operation which helped her to decide to have knee replacement surgery.

Age at interview: 72
Sex: Female
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He gave me loads of leaflets and actually, he gave a little video as well to watch about what happens and that was really good, so I watched that beforehand. Obviously, they didn't go into the whole operation, but that was just to tell you what happens and about other people having it done; it was very interesting.

There was a woman in it who was in the same situation as me because I could see it from when she was told she was going to have the operation, till afterwards, and she was walking up steps, you know? Stone steps near where she lived, and I thought, ‘oh, I'd just love to be able to do that.’ Because I could never do that, and she was practically running up these steps, and that was after she’d had the operation done.

So, when I saw that I thought, ‘I’m definitely going for this, you know, I want to be able to run up stone steps.’

Mahinder prefers to be told the main points in a consultation but to have written information to take home to read and learn more.

Mahinder prefers to be told the main points in a consultation but to have written information to take home to read and learn more.

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So, they’ll probably have all that written down.

Which is, which’ll be, which’ll be good, I think. Because then you can sometimes you might not take all the information they’ve got to give you, so writing it down on a leaflet or whatever it is, it’s good because they can come home and then you can, you know. I haven’t even - I mean the dentist now when they do extractions, they give you a leaflet.

You know, go home and if you get any bleeding or, wash your mouth, salty water, that sort of thing. You know so, so I hope that the hospital would will have similar information.

You know, if you’re living on your own or if you haven’t got you know, no facilities, downstairs toilet or shower or something like that, or what to do, or what not to do. Be careful of this, for the first few weeks of your, two months, or whatever it is.

So, I hope that all that is not so much they’re telling me verbally, but they just cover the main points and then give you some, say, - look, I should go home and read all this.  Just to say you’re fully aware of everything.

People often sought information for reassurance. Some people including Ann and Linda Y felt they needed detailed information to be reassured. Others needed much less, or in stages. Derek and Mahinder found it better to have information in stages from a healthcare professional only as and when it became relevant because its “human nature to focus on what could go wrong.” The reassurance of talking to a healthcare professional, who could tailor the information, rather than reading a leaflet was important for Karen.

Others preferred not to know too much and instead put their trust in healthcare professionals to do the best by them. Emily preferred not to see what the knee replacement would involve and said, “I want to be asleep, and I want to wake up and it’s gonna be all done.”

Linda Y asked for a detailed explanation of her knee surgery because she does “like to know what’s going on” and had prepared questions before meeting with surgeon (read by an actor).

Linda Y asked for a detailed explanation of her knee surgery because she does “like to know what’s going on” and had prepared questions before meeting with surgeon (read by an actor).

Age at interview: 74
Sex: Female
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I like to know what’s going on. Because I mean some of the nurses actually said, “Have you got a medical background?” I haven't, but I’m just very, very interested.

The fact that it’s about me, you know?  I can seem to separate the idea that this is me they’re going to deal with and this is what’s going to happen, so I don’t get panicky or anything like that.

I did have someone with my hip diagnosis, but I'd already, you know, spoken to my children; my daughter’s a nurse, so I'd already spoken to her about it before I went in. Ao it’s being prepared so that you know what to ask.

If you haven't got anyone to go with you, then make yourself a list on a piece of paper, or on your phone or something, so that you know the questions that you're concerned about and that you can ask them, because you just forget when you're in there.

Although detailed written information about the surgery itself had been available, some people felt they wanted more information about what to expect after surgery to help them navigate recovery. Marjorie had pains in her legs after her knee operation. She would have liked “a little warning” that pain could happen and “not to panic”, as “if I’d been told, I would have expected that.” Jill felt there was not enough support when she came out of hospital and “you have to manage on your own.”

Marjorie would have preferred to have written information about the spinal injection so she could “read it and digest it” as she “never picked up” that she would have it when told verbally by the surgeon.

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Marjorie would have preferred to have written information about the spinal injection so she could “read it and digest it” as she “never picked up” that she would have it when told verbally by the surgeon.

Age at interview: 73
Sex: Female
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I do vaguely remember when I spoke to the surgeon a few weeks before my op he did say something about a spinal injection, but it was very sort of like - he didn’t make a big deal of it. It was very - I felt it was a bit up in the air. But so, I am a bit deaf so I just assumed you know, he was just passing it by me, and I didn’t really take any notice of it to be honest.

I never gave it another thought, you know?

A leaflet would have been, especially with the surgeon, the younger surgeon I spoke to - if he’d given me a leaflet on the spinal injection, or something I could have read it through and I would not have had it done. I would not have gone for it anyway. Because of my stenosis in my back.

And it being a long operation I would, I wouldn’t have wanted to, cos that’s to stop you going to sleep, isn’t it?

I wouldn’t have wanted to be awake for that length of time, while they were doing, taking one knee out and putting another one in. I would have refused it, and said, “No, just put me to sleep.” You know straightaway.

But a leaflet would have been good, after he’d finished talking to me - and he did ask me if I wanted to ask anything, but I didn’t want to ask because I felt I knew what I was going into, but it was going to be more painful, and take longer to recover from.

He did mention this needle in my back and but never said anything else, and I didn’t pick him up on it to be honest. But a leaflet, actually so you can read it, and digest it, would have been a good thing.

Some people already had some knowledge of what to expect with their knee replacement surgery and recovery, either from having a previous hip or knee replacement surgery, being a retired healthcare professional themselves or caring for a relative after knee surgery. Linda Y said “when you, sort of been through helping to look after somebody that’s had it, you know the sort of difficulties that may arise.”

Friends or family with experience of knee problems or knee surgery had provided additional advice about what had helped them during recovery.  As Jan says, “word of mouth is a wonderful thing.”

Derek was told by a friend about a “cold ice cuff” to help knee pain which he used after his knee replacement surgery.

Derek was told by a friend about a “cold ice cuff” to help knee pain which he used after his knee replacement surgery.

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Well actually funnily enough a pal of mine actually is having a similar situation, he’s had it, I’m in contact with him, and what was of big help I got a cuff which I, which I used to put around my knee which was an ice pack but it was from, forget the name of them, but it was a big cylinder which you put ice in and then okay you lift it up and the ice then all, you know comes out of a cuff, or a collar, the very cold water comes, iced water comes down the cuff. That really was a great help when I was in pain.

Was that after the surgery or before you had the surgery?

That was before I had the surgery.

Before, yeah.

I’m sorry, after I had the surgery.

Oh okay. Yes.

I actually put, put frozen peas on my knee either general before the op, but then I was told about this cold ice cuff just before I had the op, I mean for what they are they’re very expensive, they’re a hundred pounds each, and when you look at it you think, “Well crikey what the, you know a hundred pounds for that? That’s ridiculous.” And really you, it, for what they are for a hundred pounds you would say crikey that really is so over the top, which I think it is. But on the other hand, from the relief that it gave me it was well worth it.

Was that the [city] team that had told you about that device?

No, it was a friend actually.

It was a friend?

Who’d had a knee op herself.

Jan had a walking stick for a while but found that because of osteoarthritis in her hands it became painful to grip. She tried elbow crutches which were much easier to use.

Jan had a walking stick for a while but found that because of osteoarthritis in her hands it became painful to grip. She tried elbow crutches which were much easier to use.

Age at interview: 71
Sex: Female
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Oh gosh yes, I’ve- my daughter bought me, thank goodness, because I couldn't afford them, something that I borrow from a friend of mine: when I was complaining that my walking sticks, I have walking sticks, but because of the arthritis in my hands, it was hurting my hands to grip the sticks...

So my friend said, “Oh, try my crutches,” and I said, “What’s the difference in them, you’ve still got to grip the crutch?”  “No, no,” she said, “not mine,” she said, “they’re called elbow crutches.”

I said, “Oh right,” she said, “You just hold with your elbow, you don’t-” you can grip with your hand but you don’t have to, your hand goes underneath a strap. And so she said, “have a go and see what you think.”  So, I did, so I was upright better than with the walking stick, I wasn’t so leaned over and it was much better on my hands.

So, I was telling my daughter about it, I said, “oh,” I said, “I’ve seen the price of them online,” I said, “I can’t afford them,” but I said, “they were-” I could tell the difference immediately.  So then for my next birthday, lo and behold, my present from my daughter was my elbow crutches.

Aww.

So now I go walking with my elbow crutches and I’m more upright, it’s better for my posture, it’s better for my hands, so that’s an improvement.

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