Making decisions about knee replacement as an older person with multiple conditions
X-rays and scans for knee problems
An X-ray is a procedure used to produce images of the inside of the body. It is an effective way of looking at joints and bones. It provides information about knee joint deterioration to help healthcare professionals decide when knee replacement surgery should be recommended or if other treatments should be considered first. It can also help find out when knee problem symptoms are likely being caused by something else, such as muscle damage, to help guide which treatments are appropriate and should be offered instead. This section covers:
- When people had an X-ray
- Experiences of having an X-ray
- Getting the results
- MRI scan
When people had an X-ray
Some people were sent for an X-ray directly by their GP. Others had an X-ray after being referred to a physiotherapist by their GP.
People we talked to had often had several X-rays during the course of their knee problems. Jill had several X-rays over five years. When her latest X-rays showed her knees were getting worse, the physiotherapist referred her to the hospital to see the orthopaedic surgeon.
Lynda Y, George and others had an additional X-ray at the same time as their orthopaedic consultation so that up-to-date results would be available for the surgeon to see at their appointment.
A few people, including Petra and Lesley, had regular appointments with the specialist team for osteoarthritis in other parts of their body and had an X-ray of their knee taken as part of this regular review.
Experiences of having an X-ray
Waiting times for an X-ray varied depending on local and national NHS circumstances, including affected healthcare services during the Covid-19 pandemic. After talking to the GP, Sue went the next day for her X-ray. Dave Y waited a week, Dorothy waited 4 weeks. Karen said she had to push for an X-ray.
An X-ray is usually taken in a hospital X-ray department by a specialist called a radiographer. People we talked to said their experience of X-rays had been quick and straightforward on the day.
I think the welcome, the introducing himself and the person that’s doing the X-ray, they always do that. But he did it just so nicely. Then it helped that [laughs] it helped that he commented, as I said before, I might’ve said before that you know, I was colour coordinated everywhere even down to the very fancy crutches. He was quite impressed. But then recognised the [city] accent and talked to me and just made you comfortable. I had to lay on the bed rather than have the X-ray stood up. And I did worry whether that would be really uncomfortable. But you can grit your teeth and sort of do it. But he was chatting to me most of the time and talking and then he’d put the X-ray in place and said, and went round to sort of check and then he came back and he said, “You’ve got an amazing amount of steelwork in your back.” [Laughs] I have that. So, so he spotted that. He said, “Let’s look at this hip now.” And he was just very pleasant. Even to when you left, said goodbye, people are friendly, but they don’t normally have the time to do that. It didn't, it only took virtually two, two to three minutes at tops to have this done. So, it was very quick. You weren’t holding anybody up. But it’s just nice when people are friendly. Most of ‘em are like that. It’s not many especially at the [hospital], they’re very, they’re very friendly.During an X-ray on her knee, hip and back, the radiographer made Lesley feel comfortable and relaxed.
During an X-ray on her knee, hip and back, the radiographer made Lesley feel comfortable and relaxed.
Getting the results
X-rays produce images of the cartilage between knee joints and can identify when there is no cartilage left and the joint is “bone on bone.” It was common for people we talked to recall receiving some initial results from the radiographer taking the X-ray about whether this was the case.
Well, as I’ve said, it was three years ago [when] I realised there was something wrong. And I kept going, you know, and thinking-, and then just as I was thinking ‘right, I’ll go to the doctor’, we were all shut down with Covid. So, obviously, I kept going and didn’t bother the doctors because they were up to their eyes in it, which I, you know, could see. But swelling. I had quite a bit of swelling. My, my knee is quite swollen. And pain, you know? I knew something was wrong. I’d run down the stairs, you know, easily, but now I have to come down one at a time because of the pain in the knee, which I’ve been doing for the last three years now. One step at a time if you see what I mean. So, it all just got worse? Yeah, it just got worse, yeah. But I was referred, she said, “I’ll refer you to the hospital-,” “I’ll refer you for an x-ray.” That’s it. It was an x-ray. And she sent me to a local hospital, had an x-ray. The person who took the x-ray showed me my x-ray and he said, “You’ve got no ligament down the side-, the right side of your leg at all.” And I said, “Right.” I said, and they showed me what it was like. They said, “I think you’re gonna need a full knee.” I said, “Yes, it looks like it. If I understand what I’m looking at”. And then he reported it back to my GP, I suppose. Then I had a letter that she’d referred me to this certain hospital and people would be in touch. That’s when the physiotherapist phoned me to say he’d seen my x-ray and we had a little chat about my weight and everything. And he said, “I’m gonna refer you back to the surgeon and you’ll get an appointment.” And this is the appointment I’ve got tomorrow.Marjorie was told some initial results after her X-ray. She learnt more when she talked to the physiotherapist who referred her to the orthopaedic surgeon after looking at her X-ray.
Marjorie was told some initial results after her X-ray. She learnt more when she talked to the physiotherapist who referred her to the orthopaedic surgeon after looking at her X-ray.
If a GP had requested the X-ray, people usually received their X-ray results by a letter or phone call from the GP surgery. Sue had been sent a letter by her GP which said there was “considerable deterioration” and she was being referred to the hospital to see a physiotherapist. Karen phoned up the doctor’s surgery about her X-ray results and was told she had osteoarthritis in her knees. She said “it wasn’t until it got critical” two years later that she had another X-ray done and was referred to the orthopaedic consultant.
I did tell the GP that I’d had - I did have problems and he said - well, I didn't actually see him of course, this was over the telephone - he said, “I suggest you go along and have some X-rays.” So, I went to our local X-ray department the following day. I think it was the following day. And they X-rayed both knees and, well, I think if they do one hip, they do both at the same time. So, and from then I had a letter referring me to the physio department. The guy who actually did the X-ray said, “Oh yes, I can see there’s considerable change in the knees.” And I knew the right knee anyway. He said, “Yes, that knee needs doing, but your left knee is also needing.” And the hip, he told me was fine, and my right hip which was the one that was done, because I was unsure at the time because I was having quite a bit of discomfort from it. But he told me, at the X-ray, that actually my hip was absolutely fine. But that obviously he couldn't say too much, but it needed a specialist to look at it. An orthopaedic specialist to look at it and then I would be told later. But that I would need something doing. And, in fact, I got no feedback. I got no message about the results of the X-rays at all. The GP said I’ve considerable, that’s right, he said I have considerable deterioration. The GP said, “You’ve got some deterioration”Sue's GP sent her for an X-ray after she told him about her knee problems. She was then referred for physiotherapy.
Sue's GP sent her for an X-ray after she told him about her knee problems. She was then referred for physiotherapy.
MRI scan
An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan produces more detailed images than X-rays. Some people we talked to had an MRI scan when further information was needed about their knee joint deterioration.
Was there sort of— In the end, the pain was so bad that I just said, “I think I ought to have an X-ray.” And that’s when the doctor said, okay. And have you had that X-ray now? Oh gosh, yes, I had the X-ray and she said, “Well, I, I don’t understand why, you’ve been through quite a lot of pain in your life. I don’t understand why you’re complaining because it doesn’t look like there’s much wrong with the knee.” I said, “Really? I said, it’s more painful than the right one was, before I had that one done.” I said, “I really don’t understand it.” She said, “Well, I can assure you that I’ve seen results of the X-ray and it’s not so bad at all.” And then I can’t remember what else happened. Something else happened. And I happened to see this, ah, fantastic lady. I don’t know where she was from. She was I think it was like a scope physiotherapist or something like that she was called. And she said, “I think what we need to do is give you MRI.” Would it be? Something bigger anyway. And I had to go to [the hospital] for it. The, the X-ray they had was done by this tiny little hospital here in [town]. And she said, “No, I think you need an MRI done in [hospital].” And when I had that done which was a long time after the actual X-rays, I had that done. That came back and the doctor said, “Oh my goodness, no wonder, no wonder you know? It didn't look - the X-ray didn't show up a thing ‘cause it didn't show enough, if you see what I mean?” And all the arthritis had blocked out the sight of the bones and everything really, because it’s like bone on bone. The arthritis had eaten away at everything, again. She said, “It’s, it’s mega. It’s dreadful.”Jan had an MRI after an X-ray failed to show the extent of her severe knee deterioration.
Jan had an MRI after an X-ray failed to show the extent of her severe knee deterioration.
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