Making decisions about knee replacement as an older person with multiple conditions

Using mobility aids

Mobility aids can help with walking or travelling further distances. These include walking aids – such as sticks, crutches, and frames – knee supports and mobility devices like scooters and wheelchairs. These are available on loan through the NHS or to buy privately at mobility shops or online. Some people had moved from a manual to an automatic car to make driving with knee problems easier.

The people we talked to used aids in different ways; some needed them to walk around their home, others only used them occasionally if they were outside travelling far distances. How many or what type of aid people used depended on the severity of their knee problem, other health conditions affecting their mobility, and how they felt about using a mobility aid. This summary covers people’s experiences of using:

  • Walking aids
  • Knee braces and support bandage
  • Mobility scooters, wheelchairs and automatic cars

Walking aids

Walking aids such as walking stick, crutches or walking frames were used to provide extra support and to help with balance. It could also help reduce pain felt, by taking some of the weight off the knee. Some people like Hermione only needed a walking aid for stability and support when they went out. Clive, Dorothy and Linda talked about how a walking stick helped when their knee felt it might give way. Victoria used a walking stick that folded away so she “can use it or not use it” as she needed.

Before knee replacement surgery, Dorothy had pain in her knee, leg, ankle and toes. A walking stick had been useful for stability when out and about and to lean on if she needed to stand for a while.

Before knee replacement surgery, Dorothy had pain in her knee, leg, ankle and toes. A walking stick had been useful for stability when out and about and to lean on if she needed to stand for a while.

Age at interview: 85
Sex: Female
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I mean now if I go out for any length of time, just walking round the shops, maybe if I can do that, I use a stick now.

How long ago did you start using a stick?

Well, actually the doctor recommended it after I went to my last appointment, he said- you know, because I was worried about my knee giving way—it felt sometimes as though it was a bit unstable.

He said, “I’d use a stick to support yourself when you're out walking,” and really it does help because the worst part of it now is that it hurts more when I’m standing still for any length of time.

So, a stick’s useful to lean on so I can take the weight off my right foot.

Barbara started using a walking stick outside because she was frightened of her knees collapsing.

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Barbara started using a walking stick outside because she was frightened of her knees collapsing.

Age at interview: 82
Sex: Female
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Yes, I use a walking stick because I use the walking stick because my knees were collapsing. I was frightened. I don’t use it in the house at all, but I was frightened of going out and my knees collapsing and ending up on the floor. So, but now that my knees have stopped collapsing, I haven’t got the confidence to go out without my stick.

But I don’t use it in the house at all. And my knees don’t collapse at all at the moment.

As well as knee issues, Emily has gout which affects her feet. She did not leave the house without one of her “a collection of walking sticks” and had “two or three pairs of crutches”.

Walking aids were used to enable people to do more, or do activities more confidently or with less pain. Michael X could walk further with a stick. Without it he “can go no distance at all” before the pain becomes too much. Mary didn’t need a walking aid for everyday but took a walking stick with her, or used specially designed walking poles such as Nordic poles, when walking in the countryside.

Mahinder avoided using a walking stick at first because “you feel you’re an old man” but realised it helped him to do longer walks.

Mahinder avoided using a walking stick at first because “you feel you’re an old man” but realised it helped him to do longer walks.

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I bought a Nordic pole, I thought that might be helpful, because I, you know, the very thought of having a walking stick you feel you’re an old man, that sort of thing.

So that’s what the doctor at the [hospital] said. He said, “if you don’t want to walk with a walking stick, get an umbrella. One of these long umbrellas.” [Laugh].

He said “Just to support.”

But now realising now I, in the last six months, twelve months now, that I need the walking stick because if I don’t have the walking stick I can’t go far.

I try to go for a walk once a week. I go for a walk, go on the bus just to town; town’s not too far. So once a week I’ve made a point of going out, and so being in the fresh air, at least not just ten minutes, but being in the fresh air for two hours or something, or three hours, something like that.

Being out, you know? To help.

So yeah, walking stick now is, I can’t. I can’t go.  I’m okay at home, I can just go out to the car for five minutes, when I’ve rested my knee’s okay. But when I just start walking that knee quickly starts losing its power.

Jan planned to get a walking stick with a seat so that she could rest when she needed to when walking her dog.

Jan planned to get a walking stick with a seat so that she could rest when she needed to when walking her dog.

Age at interview: 71
Sex: Female
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And I’ve got a little dog, so she gets me out two or three times a day. So, yeah. So, I’m keeping up the exercises.

Do you find that’s manageable at the moment to sort of take your dog out for walks?

It hurts [laughs].

Yeah, it hurts [laughs]. I’m thinking, very much thinking to I’ve got a birthday coming up and I’m very much thinking, if there’s somebody to, like my daughter or son, is there anything in particular you want? And I’m gonna say, “I could do with one of them little carry- it’s a walking stick, but then it, it goes so you can sit on it? You know, just balance on it?"

I don’t need to sit down, but sometimes on a walk with her, I find I get halfway round and I’m thinking, ‘how am I gonna get back? I’ve done this, but how am I gonna get back?’

And I could literally just do with that little five-minute break and sit down for the knee to stop actually throbbing [laughs] and let, and let me carry on. So, I’m thinking about it. I have seen them advertised. [name of chemist] do one, I think. There’s several places that do them, and they’re not very cheap. But it’d be worth it. So, instead of just an ordinary walking stick, it will turn into this little platform thing that you can sit on. I’ll give it a go.

Some people were reluctant to use a walking aid. For Eleanor, Ged, Derek and Sue, it was associated with ageing and it made them feel old.  Stuart and Marjorie also said they were not ‘ready’ for walking aids just yet.  Stuart explained, “I know I’m old, but I don’t really want to go down that road at the moment.” Ged didn’t want to “rely’” on a walking stick just yet as it felt like “the beginning of the end.” Derek preferred not to use a walking stick, but had one to help move around the house and another in the car for occasional use.

If people felt uncomfortable using walking sticks, they sometimes used alternatives like an umbrella, Nordic pole, or shopping trolley. Tina relied on holding onto her husband for stability with her knee problems: “I use him as my walking stick”.

Sue used a ‘walker’s stick’ when she had her hip replaced, but was reluctant to use it for her knee pain because she didn’t “want to feel even more like an old lady.”

Sue used a ‘walker’s stick’ when she had her hip replaced, but was reluctant to use it for her knee pain because she didn’t “want to feel even more like an old lady.”

Age at interview: 76
Sex: Female
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Before I had the hip done, I was using a stick for quite a while. And afterwards, of course, for a while.

But then, you know, miracle, I was fine and I didn't need a stick.

Well, maybe I would be better using it. People have said to me, “Why don’t you use it, Sue?” But it’s you know; I think my age is such that I just don’t want to feel even more like an old lady. [Laughs]

So I know the people in the physio department have always said, “Oh, just use the stick.” You know?  And I did have ‘a walker’s stick’ rather than a walking stick, is what my father always called it. There was his, he said he didn't need a stick but he’d have a walker’s stick. It was a walker’s stick [laughs].

So yes, I used his stick which was quite useful for me. I don’t - I always carry it, in the car if I need it, in case when I’m out. But I don’t at the moment use it.

A few people we talked to were worried that if they started using a mobility aid, they would become reliant on them which might lead to reduced mobility in the longer term.

Toby believed if he started to use a stick, he might lose the little bit of balance he’s got left.

Toby believed if he started to use a stick, he might lose the little bit of balance he’s got left.

Age at interview: 84
Sex: Male
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I’ve got a number of very nice walking sticks downstairs just inside the door.  I’ve never used one - perhaps that will come one day, don’t know.

But I feel that when you, let’s go back a bit - if you decide that you’re not very well and you sit in an easy chair and you’re saying, "I can’t do this and I can’t do that and I can’t do something else,"  that’s- that to me is progressive and it’s best to plug away as long as you possibly can.

And if I take to a walking stick possibly then I’ll take to two walking sticks, and so on and so forth,

I can manage now - albeit that it’s painful. There’s the odd occasion when I’m walking through the woods when I think, 'oh perhaps a stick in my hand would help,' but I can still manage and I shall continue to manage for as long as I can.

Because I think it’s the best way really - I believe if you start leaning on a stick you might lose the little bit of balance you’ve got left.

Not everyone found a walking stick useful. Even with a walking stick, Karen could only go a very short distance before pain stopped her moving. Ged had previously used a walking stick for his hip but didn’t like using it and kept kicking it. He felt “it’s always in the way.”  

Jan had a walking stick for a while but found that because of osteoarthritis in her hands it became painful to grip. She tried elbow crutches which were much easier to use.

Jan had a walking stick for a while but found that because of osteoarthritis in her hands it became painful to grip. She tried elbow crutches which were much easier to use.

Age at interview: 71
Sex: Female
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Oh gosh yes, I’ve- my daughter bought me, thank goodness, because I couldn't afford them, something that I borrow from a friend of mine: when I was complaining that my walking sticks, I have walking sticks, but because of the arthritis in my hands, it was hurting my hands to grip the sticks...

So my friend said, “Oh, try my crutches,” and I said, “What’s the difference in them, you’ve still got to grip the crutch?”  “No, no,” she said, “not mine,” she said, “they’re called elbow crutches.”

I said, “Oh right,” she said, “You just hold with your elbow, you don’t-” you can grip with your hand but you don’t have to, your hand goes underneath a strap. And so she said, “have a go and see what you think.”  So, I did, so I was upright better than with the walking stick, I wasn’t so leaned over and it was much better on my hands.

So, I was telling my daughter about it, I said, “oh,” I said, “I’ve seen the price of them online,” I said, “I can’t afford them,” but I said, “they were-” I could tell the difference immediately.  So then for my next birthday, lo and behold, my present from my daughter was my elbow crutches.

Aww.

So now I go walking with my elbow crutches and I’m more upright, it’s better for my posture, it’s better for my hands, so that’s an improvement.

Walking frames (walkers) were also used when a walking stick did not give enough stability and support. When she was outdoors, Ann used a walking frame with a seat, which she had received from her physiotherapy department. This meant she could sit down when needed. Ruth was unable to walk unaided and used a “trolley” around the house to lean on.

Barbara’s doctor recommended a walker but she didn’t use it much outside as it was hard to get in and out the car.

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Barbara’s doctor recommended a walker but she didn’t use it much outside as it was hard to get in and out the car.

Age at interview: 82
Sex: Female
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Well, I'm not very mobile and I went to the doctor, I had a fall about 19 months ago and since then, now, it’s affected my mobility, and I have to walk with a stick, and so I went to see my doctor about a month ago and he said, “Oh,” he said, “we'll get you a walker,” and I'd never even thought about having a walker.

So I've got a walker now, but I live up a steep hill and I'm frightened to take it down the hill, so it’ll only go in my car, and mine’s-, it’s only a small car so it’s a bit of a carry on, you know, folding it up and putting it in and taking it out.

I haven't used it very much to be honest with you. You know, because if I go to the shops, I just take my stick and once I get a trolley, you know, at the shops, I can walk all right so I don't use it very much.

Knee braces, support bandages and knee taping

A knee brace or support bandage/knee taping can stabilise the knee and provide support. Liz found it helpful to wear a knee brace to stop the knee from bending backward when she was doing a lot of walking. Emily put a support bandage around her knee when she was going shopping. Derek sometimes wore a bandage but had seen mixed messages about whether it is good to wear one or not. He was planning to ask the consultant for advice at his referral appointment.

Tina learnt about a knee support from an arthritis magazine which she was then able to ask her healthcare team about.

Tina learnt about a knee support from an arthritis magazine which she was then able to ask her healthcare team about.

Age at interview: 76
Sex: Female
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I’ve seen an article in an arthritis magazine for something that’s supposed to be really, really good and can be prescribed.

But that’s been a bit of a saga. And the surgery has said that they can’t prescribe it. They’ve sent me to the [town] physio. And they said, no, they can’t prescribe it, go to [hospital]. So, I have now been to [hospital] and they are ordering me this- not, not specifically the one I saw in the arthritis magazine but their version of it.

And I’m just hoping that it’s a bit more beneficial than the one I had from the physio at [hospital]. That is not in any way to run down what was done for me then because, you know, I do know of others who’ve had very similar knee supports provided. It’s just that, for me, it seemed to have very little effect, well, no effect on the pain. Very little effect on that giving out sort of feeling.

I’m hoping, when I get the call about this, this other one that it might be a bit more useful as the injection wears off more and more. And I’m hoping this other one might be far more useful. Apparently, they set it with an Allen key and it-, where my bone-on-bone thing is in the inner side of my knee, apparently it kind of helps to open up that gap which sounds fascinating.

Oh, okay. That’s really interesting.

I know [laughs] I hope it’s not painful.

And you said that you learned about that through an arthritis magazine.

I did, yes. Arthritis Digest, it’s called.

Not everyone found knee supports helpful. Ged had a support that was too tight and caused his leg to swell up. Stuart tried knee straps but the ones he bought online were a “waste of time” and did not help with pain or give him support with walking. Pete finds them “cumbersome” to put on under trousers and doesn’t feel comfortable. He was instead given some knee tape by the physiotherapist to put down each side of the knee and across the knee, which he found much better.

Ged “spent quite a bit of money” on knee and back supports but had given up on them.

Ged “spent quite a bit of money” on knee and back supports but had given up on them.

Age at interview: 81
Sex: Male
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I’ve spent quite a bit of money on supports and things for my back, you know, across the shoulders and down there, and I spent, oh, thirty-odd quid on one of them and it- all it did was swelled my ankles up.

So- and, you know, he- like the doctor said, well, the one you've got it’s probably the best one that it’s not overly tight, but it does allow movement, but he said, “No, stop using it,” so I’ve given up on all that sort of stuff.

Dorothy has tried various knee supports but none had given her enough support when walking.

Dorothy has tried various knee supports but none had given her enough support when walking.

Age at interview: 85
Sex: Female
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No, well, I mean I have to say over the last year certainly, I have tried different knee supports you know, from just a band under my knee, to a much more comprehensive one, a bigger one, but the trouble with the bigger ones is you can’t wear them under your clothes very easily and I’ve not found that any of them give me any real relief from the pain you know, despite the claims being made about them.

I mean I would love it if somebody could say to me, ‘oh well, this particular apparatus would help,’ but I haven't found anything that gives me any support really when I’m walking.

Mobility scooters, wheelchairs and automatic cars

A mobility scooter or wheelchair had helped some people if they wanted to travel further than they otherwise could with a walking aid.

An automatic car and mobility scooter helped Ann to stay active.

An automatic car and mobility scooter helped Ann to stay active.

Age at interview: 72
Sex: Female
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And I’m a bit insecure so I walk around with a walking stick and if I go outside, I take the, what I call the trolley. So that I can walk and then sit down, walk and sit down. Well, the walking stick I bought myself, and the trolley I got from the physio department.

I’ve got an automatic car. And so, I don’t have to clutch, I just have to brake, and that’s my right leg, which is the partial knee.

And then I’ve got a mobility scooter. ‘Cos I can’t walk the distance. So that keeps me active, I can slip off into town. Drive into town, go to the car park and offload my, my scooter and I’ll go into town. I used to be able to go and, with my scooter. Sit on the scooter and watch the rings performing and stuff like that, but they’re restricting now, no visitors. Which is I find very, you know, I used to enjoy the weekends because I’d get out in the fresh air and watch, watch the dogs and watch my daughter judging if she’s judging, or, or if she’s competing, and, yeah.

Petra’s remote-control fold up mobility scooter helps her to be more independent when flying abroad on holiday.

Petra’s remote-control fold up mobility scooter helps her to be more independent when flying abroad on holiday.

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The scooter I’ve had a lot longer. We used to take it on holiday with us, which was great… and we still do ‘cos I’ve got one that folds up.

Oh great.

And people were always fascinated to see it, ‘cos it’s a remote-control thing. And the weight is 23 kilos which is the maximum weight of a suitcase.

That works well then, yeah.

It goes in the hold. I’ve actually been to America on my own with my scooter because I was able to drive my scooter with one hand and hold my suitcase handle with the other.

And I remember, we’ve got great friends in America and I remember highly entertaining my hostess in [American state] when I was leaving. The airport was just empty. And it was big as everything in America is. I had a wonderful time. I was just scooting around with my suitcase in one hand and, and she was in hysterics.

[Laughs]

Oh yes. Gotta get some fun out of life.

Lesley has back and knee problems and used a few mobility aids to help. Her electric fold up scooter gave her the ability to go on day trips which she would not otherwise attempt.

Lesley has back and knee problems and used a few mobility aids to help. Her electric fold up scooter gave her the ability to go on day trips which she would not otherwise attempt.

Age at interview: 72
Sex: Female
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I’ve got a walking stick. I’ve got a pair of; my friends describe them as designer crutches [laughs] cause I don’t like the NHS ones. They’re heavy, they’re grey and heavy. When I went for my X-ray for my hip, the chappie in there was lovely and his first comment was, “Oh my gosh. Everything colour coordinated down to the crutches.”

Aw.

[Laughs] He just, he laughed at them. Yes, so I use that. But, you know, it makes me feel like 90, you know, wandering out. I think people think, people have sort of stopped me and said, “Oh, have you had your other hip done?” And I go, “No.” [laughs]. This one playing up at the moment.

And I'm much of the opinion and luckily, we’ve got very active WI with some brilliant ladies. But, you know, we, we live life and go to the theatre. We visit all sorts of places and we do, you know, loads of things. There’s a lot I can’t do lately. That’s sad. And that’s why I’ve bought the scooter so that I’m a little less limited.

With this scooter that I bought and the problems I’ve got, I now have the ability to sort of go along to things that I would never attempt to. Because I think my WI are off to the Tower of London and to see the flowers for the Queen’s Jubilee.

Well, I wouldn't even remotely consider going on that trip, but of course with this gadget, I can. And- and the beauty of it is I’m sure that if I were up there and I needed- I wanted to walk around and I needed it to be safe, I’m sure there are people up there who would look after it for me. I don’t think I’m going to attempt to go into the White Tower, that might be a bit too far, but I’ve been in there a few times anyway but... 

So it’s nice to think that I can do that, but it would be even nicer if I was doing it under my own steam, but hey, my bones aren’t going to repair themselves and there’s only so much surgery can do for them.

I don’t use it other than sightseeing and trips, longer- you know. I walk on a day- you know, it’s-, whatever I need to do during- you know, during the week is- you know, I manage. But the scooter doesn't live in the car all the time, it does live in the garage. But it’s one of these electric foldup jobs, so you just- it just wheels out, folds up, and the electric winch in my car comes out and picks it up and puts it in.

That’s clever; that’s really clever.

It’s brilliant actually. It’s absolutely brilliant. People stop and watch [chuckles]. And then when I press the button on the key and the scooter just opens up, [smiley voice] they’re just quite impressed by it.

Ruth cannot walk unaided around the house. She used a wheelchair when she went out and a scooter to take her up the garden. Karen, who cares for her husband and son, says “I’m making myself walk” because she has managed for years without a wheelchair and doesn’t want to “be in one”.

For people who drove, it was easier to manage driving with an automatic car if their left knee was the problem. Ann and Jill have automatic cars so they can still drive and don’t need to use their left leg to change gear.

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