Antidepressants
Antidepressants: The Community Mental Health Team (CMHT)
The GP is usually the first point of contact for people seeking help with depression and other mental health problems and will normally provide ongoing support. However, where problems are more complicated the GP may refer people to a Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) for more specialist help. Some specialist teams accept referrals directly from families, social workers or voluntary groups.
The CMHT includes a number of workers with specialist knowledge and skills such as a mental health worker, psychiatrist, Community Psychiatric Nurse (CPN), social worker, occupational therapist, clinical psychologist and outreach worker. There are different types of mental health teams that operate in out-patient clinics, hospitals, day centres, and team members may also visit people at home. There are separate teams who work with children and adolescents, and the elderly.
When someone is referred, they will be assessed and the team will decide who will work with each individual. People are usually allocated a ‘key worker’ who coordinates their treatment.
‘Home Treatment’ or ‘Crisis Resolution’ are teams that are available 24 hours a day for help in an emergency. They aim to treat people in the least restricted way and as close to home as possible.
CMHTs should work closely with the GP as both are involved in prescribing medicines. If a psychiatrist recommends or starts a prescription the GP must be informed so that he or she can issue prescriptions in usual way and be aware of all the medicines a person is taking to keep the medical records up to date. Usually any changes or alterations to the medicines will be decided by the psychiatrist but the GP still issues the prescription. Some CPNs are able to prescribe certain medicines. (See ‘Antidepressants: The Psychiatrist’ and ‘Antidepressant use and hospital care’).
It was clear from our interviews that there were variations in the way care was organised by CMHT’s in different health trusts. People told us they had seen CMHTs for treatment in hospital, at out-patients clinics, or in their own homes. Usually they had been referred because of severe or recurrent problems and the GP felt they needed specialist help. Rachel felt that being looked after ‘in the community’ was preferable to being admitted to hospital. Collette found it helpful to speak to different health professionals who had experience with mental health issues, and knew about the different medicines and their effects.
Collette said the CPN knows more about mental health treatments than her GP. It can be helpful to get a different point of view.
Collette said the CPN knows more about mental health treatments than her GP. It can be helpful to get a different point of view.
Yes I said to him look this isn’t making any difference really I’m still feeling really low and I’m still having very bad thoughts, you know, and I’ve been on this for the best part of a year now, so why don’t we try something else. So he came up with a couple of suggestions and we actually worked through the pros and cons of each drug that he came up with.
And the pros and cons meaning what?
The side effects of the drug over the benefits of the drug because we obviously we’d looked at sertraline but we also looked at using in conjunction with the duloxetine quetiapine and he explained the drug and the side effects, well potential side effects and we decided in the end that Sertraline was a better option.
Is it quite helpful then to have another person that you can go to for support or advice rather than always just having the one person with their own take on things?
Yes different viewpoints give you a much wider, I don’t know experience, what might affect me might not affect you and to get different people’s experiences of it gives you a broader vision and you get to see more of how is this happening but this person coped this way and this person coped this way well maybe I can try a bit of both.
And I suppose of course a CPN has quite a wide experience of people who are experiencing mental health problems whereas GP’s aren’t quite so specialised necessarily are they?
No well that’s part of the problem the GP and I have had with the medication because she doesn’t have the experience of the mental health drugs whereas the CPN since, particularly since doing his nurse prescribers course does have the experience of the drugs and, you know, he sees the patients and he sees what side effects they have.
Sharon’s CPN helped to integrate other therapies into her care as well as antidepressants.
Sharon’s CPN helped to integrate other therapies into her care as well as antidepressants.
Doctors are very good but they're a jack of all trades whereas the mental health nurse specialises in mental health and I think it's very easy for the doctors to just, "Oh well we'll try you on another one," and not to look at what effect it is having, what emotional effects it's having or not dealing with and trying to interlock it with other therapies, that's certainly what the mental health nurse did was put it alongside psychotherapy and the mindfulness and bring them all together and use them altogether and I think that's been the key to not just have therapy or just have anti-depressants but to use it all because I think for me definitely you need the anti-depressants to get you up to a level that you can engage and make use of the tools that they can you provide you.
Rachel has a long history of depressive episodes and has taken antidepressants at different times in her life. There have been several occasions when her care has been transferred to CMHT. ‘I thought I was going to kill myself so I had emergency care and I was with the crisis team’. Hannah was referred to the crisis team on several occasions because she had taken an overdose. She was admitted to hospital, and when she returned home they visited her.
Rachel has been referred to the community mental health team several times.
Rachel has been referred to the community mental health team several times.
When an episode has, when an episode has started the familiar, the sort of routine seems to be that I take heed or not very much of the fact that I think I’m slipping in that way, I have tried to intervene sometimes and gone to the GP sooner. I’ve then had a referral to the, I mean initially I must have just been referred but now, I mean they tend to think I think oh it’s Rachel - we’ll put her back in touch with the mental health team and part of that is because they have a whole team approach so you see the CPN of the psychiatrist and I asked for the psychologist because I’d been sort of looking into it and reading stuff and it apparently it’s slowly getting accepted that medication isn’t the be all and end all that people can be greatly helped with psychological therapies. And so I basically asked for it and kept on, kept on saying to anybody who’d listen, you know, to the CPN I was put with and the psychiatrist and stuff like that. I was saying I feel that seeing a psychologist would be really good because, because I’d rather have strategies to cope than, than medication and no strategies.
So what’s the difference then would you say between going to see a psychiatrist and seeing a psychologist?
Psychiatrists are very clinical and their answer is virtually always medication.
Dina not want to continue with the medicines she had been prescribed and felt she was being coerced by the CMHT ‘they said I had to take it physically in front of them because I mean I didn’t want to take my medication… basically the only thing that they were doing were to bring the drugs and insist that I take the drugs’. Although often people knew why they were being closely monitored, it could feel like an imposition. Others found that home visits gave them opportunities to talk to someone about how they were feeling or about the treatment, and get expert advice. Rachel found it difficult to leave the house, so home visits were helpful.
Sonia said her mental health team had ‘an open door policy’ which meant that she could return to see them when she felt she needed to, without having to get a new referral from her GP. Rachel was worried that she might not be able to access the CMHT once she had been discharged and that she would have to go through the referral process again if she needed further help. Flora thought mental health teams should work more preventatively, rather than waiting for a crisis. Several people were aware of a lack of continuity and ‘joined up thinking’ between the members of the mental health teams, the GP, and other therapists or counsellors they were seeing. Thomas felt frustrated that his GP, psychiatrist and psychologist seemed to have conflicting agendas ‘my psychologist... never focused on medication... He would see it as the psychiatrist job or the GP’s job. The GP and psychiatrist would see medicine as their job but not the talking therapies. So it was a complete non communication between the people that I was seeing’.
Janet felt let down when she was transferred to the elderly care team ‘it’s just hopeless you never see the same person’. Sonia sees a private therapist and found it was difficult being under the care of different health professionals. ‘They (CMHT) don’t like the fact that they have no awareness of what he’s [therapist] doing with me… equally he feels very frustrated because he feels that they’re stopping him from doing the work that he wants to do... he doesn’t agree with the medication I’m on… they want me to have therapy with them rather than him.’ But Sonia preferred to see the private therapist because she had built a relationship with the person, and it was easier to fit appointments around her job.
Flora reflected that by the time she was seen by the mental health team ‘A lot of resources and costs had gone in to me which maybe could have been avoided, if I’d had access to their services earlier’.
Flora reflected that by the time she was seen by the mental health team ‘A lot of resources and costs had gone in to me which maybe could have been avoided, if I’d had access to their services earlier’.
In terms of psychiatrists and medical profession they’ve all been wonderfully kind, supportive, helpful I really, you know, can’t thank them enough because they have, they've been very good. The things that I feel that, where there have been shortfalls is that I feel that GP’s I don’t think know enough about how to support someone with mental health even those with the best of their intentions and so I think that appropriate referrals maybe in the past for me were not made quickly enough and in terms of medication again I think, I don’t know what the answers are for this but the GP’s just get their generic training on what they’re told the latest things are. But I actually feel that the best support that I’ve had and I’ve got has been when I have been referred to a psychiatrist and that’s when we can have in-depth conversations, that’s when I really can find out more about things because GP’s are very, you know, GP’s could never have put me on MAOI because they’re told that they can’t, it has to be only a psychiatrist.
And in terms of accessing a community mental health unit support either to get a CPN visiting you and to get psychiatric help I just feel it’s not as easy and as fast as it should be and I think it’s just that they’re very overwhelmed. And that people in my situation who generally are managing in life, have a few blips but are mostly in employment where there’s a history known the GP will try and support and suggest the counselling and the rest of it but I think that the specialists are fire fighting a lot of the time. but what happens is, certainly I found in my situation is that a lot of the time when things got extremely bad and extremely serious a lot of resources and costs had gone in to me which maybe could have been avoided, if I’d had access to their services earlier it costs a lot of money to be in there, you know, three months that are in a patient unit or, you know, to have regular CPN support and lots of meetings and lots of different health professionals, it’s very, very costly and I think the money isn't there for the real preventative work to kind of avoid people like myself actually.
Last reviewed June 2016.
Last updated June 2016.
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